Original Article   https://doi.org/10.70084/mru/pmrcc/043.P13

The common risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases at El-Obeid Teaching Hospital

 Mohamed Omar Hassan1, Amal Khalil Yousif Mohammed2,3, Namarig Alhadi Hamid4, Galeela Abdalgader Salem5 , and Eldisugi Hassan Mohammed Humida2,6,7,8

Affiliations

1Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid, Sudan. 2Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid, Sudan. 3Aldaman International Hospital, El-Obeid, Sudan. 4Department of Internal Medicine, Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Khartoum, Sudan. 5Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid, Sudan. 6EL-Obeid Teaching Hospital, El-Obeid, Sudan. 7Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, EL-Obeid International Hospital, El-Obeid, Sudan. 8Prof Medical Research Consultancy Center (MRCC), El-Obeid, Sudan.

Correspondence to: Eldisugi Hassan Mohammed Humida, Email: heldisugi@gmail.com

Cite: Hassan, et al. The common risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases at El-Obeid Teaching Hospital. Medical Research Updates Journal 2026;4(3):33-41. https://doi.org/10.70084/mru/pmrcc/043.P13

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to represent the foremost cause of death and disability worldwide. Data regarding CVD risk factors in Western Sudan is limited; therefore, the current study seeks to investigate this problem in Western Sudan. Methodology: We conducted a prospective descriptive study, carried out at El-Obeid Teaching Hospital, which is located in North Kordofan State, Sudan, from July 2026 to September 2026. The sample size encompasses all patients admitted to the coronary care unit, besides those reviewed in the cardiology outpatient clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of CVDs in the designated time frame. Results: This comprised 119 patients aged 17 to 90 years, including 36.13% males and 63.86% females. Of the 119 participants, CVD was found in 73.9% of patients. The most commonly reported CVD risk factor is a positive family history (65.9%), followed by physical inactivity (46.5%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (32.9%), and hypertension (31.8%). Conclusion: The most prevalent CVD risk factors in Western Sudan are a positive family history of CVDs, T2DM, and hypertension. These findings mandate substantial efforts toward adopting protocols for the early screening of at-risk families, as well as timely diagnosis and management of CVD risk factors.

Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, risk factors, diabetes, hypertension, family history of cardiovascular disease, Sudan

Output an image of a polished publication-ready graphical abstract for a ranking medical journal titled "Risk Factors Associated with Increased Prevalence of CVD in Sudan". Use a clean modern clinical infographic design with a white background, navy blue and deep red accents, high contrast, professional typography, and uncluttered layout. Central visual: anatomical heart with ECG waveform, hospital icon, and subtle outline map of Sudan with a location marker labeled "El-Obeid, North Kordofan". Left panel: Prospective descriptive study; El-Obeid Teaching Hospital; July 2026–September 2026; n=119 suspected CVD patients; age range 17–90 years; female 63.86%, male 36.13%; CVD confirmed 73.9%. Right panel: ranked risk factors with clear icons and horizontal bars: family history of CVD 65.9%, physical inactivity 46.5%, type 2 diabetes mellitus 32.9%, hypertension 31.8%. Bottom conclusion ribbon: "Priority actions: family-based screening, early detection, and timely management of diabetes and hypertension." Ensure spelling is correct, percentages are accurate, no typo 965.9, visually balanced, journal-ready, 16:9 landscape format.